What Matters in Time Essay Example for Free

What Matters in Time EssayIm never gonna do that over again . . . . During my work as a staff suck, any cartridge clip I heard cardinal of the patients going finished detox make this vow, I would funk and think Sure, you will. You all do. Its effective a matter of time. I dont know why you even b new(prenominal) going through detox. Its a waste of time and money. You just need to stop doing whatever youve been doing and just stop drinking. Its plain and simple. Just quit drinking. Those thoughts, however, occured prior to my care the Therapeutic Interventions (Alcohol) Course.While attending this seminar, the much I learned about detox from alcoholic beverage, the more I began to assess my faulty thinking regarding individuals who, for whatever reasons, seemed incapable or unwilling to change their perverting drinking patterns. Most of the people I worked with, I felt, were not at the ideal point I heard about during this training, where they wanted to change and/or sto p drinking. (Raistrick, 2004, p. 41) Those I encountered in my work at an acute medical ward had usually been admitted wiith high alcohol in let in. Most of the time, my feelings toward them were ambivalent. Duringthe time they were in my care, withdrawing from alcohol on Benzodiazepins-Chordiazepoxide, I treated them without empathy. I felt I knew each of these patients, even before I heard their story or studied their chart. level though I didnt consider myself to be at the point I was void of any feelings toward these individuals, nevertheless, I made a point to keep a safe emotional distance from them. In a sense, my feelings were numbed as I repeatedly watched what I perceived to be a merry-go-round of their self-inflicted madness. In my mind, these individuals unavoidable roughthing more than what they were receivingfrom the detox program. More often than not, I found myself thinking disparaging thoughts, as I watched those struggling through planned detoxifications, onsid e others unwillingly commited to the detox program. In planned detoxifications, I learned during training, individuals are more likely to succeed with maintinaing sobriety, if they want to discontinue drinking. During an immenent need to detox, however, when someone is hospitalized or has been arrested and/or locked up to begin serving a prison sentence, when alcohol detoxificationmay or may not be pre-planned, if the person does not want to change, achievement is less likely. A second detox scenario occurs when individuals enter a residential sermon program. At this time, alcohol detoxification is considered routine. A third type detoxification tranpires at measure, followers a period of sobriety, in nightclub for a person to restablaize. (Raistrick, 2004, p. 41) Toms detox, I felt, represented the third kind. Prior to detox training, my feelings of frustration intensifired whenever I would work with some of the repeat detoxers like Tom*, an old man in his early forties.I had watched Tom go through the same detox scenario four times during the past two years. Tom sometimes became so confused he would forget where he was and try to leave the unit. I redeem to go place now. My wife wants me to cook lunch for her today. Its her birthday. Tom told me one day right before his evening meal. I knew Toms wife had left him several years ago. Later, I had to stop him when he tried to walk out the door behind one of the orderlies. No, Tom, you cant leave here yet. Youve only been in detos two days, I said. You have to remain here at least another 5 days. Attending this course helped me comprehend that like Toms, a patients confusion during detox is normal. Individuals detoxing, one speaker stressed, may display symptoms from anxiety, panic attacks, depression, insomnia, and with increasing severity, hallucinations . . . to the terrors of delirium tremens in which orientation in time, place and person is lost, and vivid hallucinations are experienced along with clouding of consciousness (akin to dreaming whilst awake). (Petersen Mcbride, 2002, p. 167) Prior to attending the Therapeutic Interventions (Alcohol) Course, I did not seriouslynote that one of the vital reasons detox needs to take place within care of medical personnel as detoxing from alcohol can be fatal. Alcohol, para. 2) When alcohol is suddenly taken away from a person who has been abusing it for a long period of time, that persons body experiences reactions which could prove to be deadly. Matrisha*, another patient I became frustrated with during her detox, on the other hand, knew exactly where she was, along with the visit and time. She also made a point to repeatedly upset the others in the ward. Recently, when another nurses caught Matrisha riffling throughanother patients night stand and helping herself to candy, she confronted her. Matrisha, like other detoxing patients at times, became aggressive and violent. Although I tried to understand patients like Tom and Mat risha, however, the merry-go-round these patients seemed to choose to ride didnt make sense. Knowledge I gained while attending the Therapeutic Interventions( Alcohol) Course helped me begin understand concepts contributing to the mirage of difficulties those detoxing regularly experience. The time invested in this learning also helped me begin to see these people as individuals just like me.Even though we may struggle with different scenarios in life, and even though at times, I may not fully understand what those in detox were going through, this training helped me realize I could try to empahatize with them. Instead of building a fence between myself and patients in detox, I could esteem a point promoted by one prominent speaker. The success of these centres (sic) depends upon training staff to feel confident about monitoring withdrawal in order to identify those clients who are in need of medical help, and training that enablesstaff quickly to form a helping alliancewith client s. (Raistrick, 2004, p. 41- 42) I could also make a point to be one of the staff to take training seriouusly and whenever possible help without cringing. I could also, as AD counselor encourage those going through alcohol detox and treatment, look within myself to see how I could change for the better. Attending the Therapeutic Interventions (Alcohol) Course proved to be more helpful than I anticipated and allowed me to see how I could improve within my self and strengthen my professional and personal skills. As I reflect on things I learned, I understand that I could havelistened more to what patents were telling me with their words and actions. I remind myself often that my job as as a staff nurse in detox is to help bring those going through the painful difficult medical, physical, and emotional aspects is vital. Alcohol detox is the first step in the treatment of alcoholism. The recovery of the alcoholic cannot begin until they have undergone alcohol detox. And since alcoholism is a disease that kills, alcohol detox is the first line of defense in manner of speaking the patients life. ALCOHOl para. 1-5 7) As I work with others to try to help problems drinkers come to a point they areready to change and realize their life would be better without alcohol, I no longer focus on their past failures. I stive, instead, to be supportive and encourage them to do their best today. (Raistrick, 2004, p. 40) Toady, I no longer cringe when someone tells me, Im never gonna do that again . . .. Nor does something in detox that does not make sense upset me. Some things, I realize, dont have to be completely understood. When I try to understand what it feels like to walk in another persons shoes and look at the world through their eyes, however, that matters.Today, I have more respect for the patients entrusted to my care. I have gained a sense of empathy for their plight. What does matter, I now understand, is that time invested in helping another person, in or out of detox, does matter. *Names of indviduals portrayed in paper have been changed.ReferencesALCOHOL DETOX. retrieved May 5, 2006 from http//www. spencerrecovery. com/alcohol- detox. html. Champney-Smith, J. (2002). Chapter 22 Dual Diagnosis. In Working with Substance Misusers A organise to Theory and Practice, Petersen, T. Mcbride, A. (Eds. ) (pp. 267-273).New York Routledge. Lewis, J. , Williams, S. (2002). Chapter 15 Home Detoxification. In Working with Substance Misusers A reach to Theory and Practice, Petersen, T. Mcbride, A. (Eds. ) (pp. 197-204). New York Routledge. Petersen, T. Mcbride, A. (Eds. ). (2002). Working with Substance Misusers A Guide to Theory and Practice. New York Routledge. Raistrick, D. (2004). Chapter 3 Alcohol Withdrawal and Detoxification. In The Essential Handbook of Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems, Heather, N. Stockwell, T. (Eds. ) (pp. 35-48). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.

Outline and evaluate psychological explanations for OCD Essay Example for Free

Outline and evaluate psychological explanations for OCD EssayThe cognitive approach assumes that OCD is a consequence of faulty and irrational ways of thinking taken to an extreme. Patients with OCD have different thinking patterns and more(prenominal) than intrusive thoughts. The cognitive explanation stresses that everyone has unwanted thoughts from time to time, but OCD sufferers cannot ignore these thoughts and they are often misinterpreted, spark advance to self-blame and the obsessive symptoms of OCD. So that the negative thoughts and concerns associated with a particular anxiety do not come to pass, compulsions arise in an attempt to neutralise the anxiety. The sufferer becomes more wary of having intrusive thoughts and their fear of them increases. As these ideas are constantly thought about, they become obsessive and a pattern of ritualistic, repetitive behaviour begins.A authorisation of this theory is that there is supporting evidence. For example, Wegner found t hat a group of students asked not to think of a white bear were more likely to do so than a group allowed to think about it. Salkoius found that when asking participants to suppress thoughts and on other days not to, the participants kept a diary of more intrusive thoughts when they had to be suppressed these findings support the idea that a deliberate attempt to suppress thoughts leads to an increase in these thoughts supporting the main ideas of the approach.This is a skill because the two studies have found similar findings and are therefore externally reliable. This makes the cognitive approach reliable as a whole because it can be checked and verified and the theory has sound foundations for further research.However, a weakness of this theory is that there are problems with the evidence. For example, Salkoius used self-report methodologies in order to measure the thoughts of the participants. This fashion that the results may have been subjected to social desirability bias. For example, the amount of intrusive thoughts may not have all been recorded in the diaries in order to occupy the experimenter they may not want them to know how bad their symptoms are due to feelings of embarrassment. This is an issue because it means the study lacks internal validity the intrusive thoughts in the diary are not caused solely by supressing them, but there are other extraneous variables such as embarrassment. We therefore cannot prove cause and instal to show that suppressing thoughts lead to symptoms in OCD, so there are other factors the cognitive approach needs to consider in order to offer a causal explanation.However, although there are issues with self-report methodologies, they can provide a greater insight into the participants thoughts and a greater level of detail. They are allowing the participants to attract their own experiences rather than inferring this from observing participants. It therefore provides access to a high level of quantitative data.

Dead Trees and the Dead Wood Cycle

goallike Trees and the Dead timberland CycleIntroductionA common misconception about forest would be that a healthy forest should have only have trees that ar alive or growing. This healthy forest should be rid of dead trees as they would get down harm to the forest and/or perhaps spread disease of sorts. This misunderstanding originated from our lack of understanding of forests and trees. Dead trees play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity within forests. They provide the forest with nutrients, a habitat for forest animals, rivers, territory, along with many other benefits covered in this paper. To highlight every last(predicate) the vastnesss of dead or decaying trees this report will be broken down to sectionsAfter defining exactly what constitutes as a dead trees, we will go in depth into the dead woods cycle. Following that will go into analyzing the benefits of dead trees that include and but not particular to1Hold wet for the soil throughout arid seasons.Pr ovide a location for necessary bacteria to surviveProvide a home for small mammal dens and bird nests modify the soil by accumulation of complete matter.Offer a seed bed for redeveloping trees.scavenging spot for several insectivorous animals such as woodpeckersfood, protection, shelter, cover, and suitable climate for thousands of tiny organismsThen role of dead wood in the ecosystem and finally we will conclude the report by stating important facts about the significant biodiversity gear up because of deadwood.Definition of dead trees and decaying treesCommon sense would provide that dead or decaying trees argon those trees that ar no longer alive. However this is more of a comment of the different kinds of dead tress you could potentially encounter in a forest. We will analyze each kind and separate them from the others inconsiderate Woody dustCoarse woody dustis used to describe fallen deadtrees orthe leftovers of bulkybranches left either in the forest or in the rivers. at that place is a minimum size required for woody debris to be defined as unwashed, which is around 20cm in diameter. This also includes dead or decaying stumps2.Coarse woody debris are caused by ordinary tree death,illness, andbugs, as well as disastrous events such aswildfires,tornados, hurricaneand floods3. Old forests quiet down contain dead trees and woodland remnants are still where they had fallen. These are recycled to nourish fresh vegetation and establishes the perfect woodland in copulations of reprocessing and the renewal of fallen trees. As a matter of fact most 30% of all biomass contained in a forest are from dead trees4.Large Woody DebrisSticks, logs, and branches all are considered large woody debris. Wood that fall into streams and rivers are also believed to be large woody debris. This debris can affect how the water flows in and how strong or weak the direct is. This flow affects how much erosion goes on and thus affects how rivers and other water channel s are shaped5.Large woody debris are important for all its effects on forest management as well as channel streams. The debris is one of the most important factors in the formation of pools and ponds5. As these pools and ponds are formed animals, such as salmon, frogs, and other small fishes. Large woody debris is an important source of biodiversity because if these ponds and or pools were not created a muss of these animals would be washed away. The frogs and other animals that nourish off these fish would lose a feeding ground. The measure of scrubbing and erosion is determined by the relation of the span of the wood, to the deepness of the watercourse, and how deep the piece is dug in6.SnagsSnags could be defined as coarse woody debris, in time they operate in a some different way and can be identified in different ways. Snags costs of either standing, dead, or dying trees. Whereas coarse woody debris is usually fallen debris, snags are still standing. Both can, however, refe r to dead or decaying trees/debris. Snags are also often missing their tops or most, if not all, of their branches7.Dead wood cyclingDead wood cycling is the procedure of when the components of wood, enter the forest ecosystem through death, followed by decomposition and indeed reuse. Many components and functions of the forest are affected during the changes in trees. These changes are the most important physical features of forest.8 Most forest ecosystems in general contain a large amounts of organic matter within the dead wood. It is reported that 17% of all ecosystem organic matter was found within coarse woody debris and snags at costal ecosystems8.The cycle begins with the death of the stem. Usually the death is slow, however in special cases such as lightning strikes, floods, hurricanes or other storms the death is immediate. The larger the tree the longer their period to die. Snags usually take a long time to be utilized by other living trees. A lot of factors contribute to this including, rooting, moisture, nutrients, slop of the ground, how the tree died and the species of trees. whole of these factors also affect how long the snag, coarse woody debris, or large woody debris9.The utilization of dead snags differs dependent on provincial and geographical ecologic conditions. Forests that are troubled by procedures other than lumber jacking, the trees ultimately become dead wood. However the trees that die and continue to stand upright end up becoming part of the snag component of the forest. More lush sites usually have superior snags. Snag thickness reduces and useful life increases with the snag size9.Coarse woody debris work differently. After the tree dies it enters the ecosystem either directly through a fall. This could be the death from a fall of living trees or through tree death and the eventual fall of upright dead branches. The biomass and bionomicly sustainability of the coarse woody debris also depends on the species of trees. For exam ple evergreen (cone bearing trees) ecosystems hold more bio mass than coniferous ecosystems (used up parts that proceed to fall off.) Biomass is coarse woody debris is also effected by how moist it is. The more moisture there is the more it is able to sustain other organism increasing biodiversity. There is more biomass existent on senior(a) trees that younger ones. This is usually due to the nutrients and the size of older trees10.BenefitsThere are a lot of benefits created but all forms of dead trees. Most of the benefits overlap however this report will separate some of the distinct benefits created by each individual type of dead tree. To make this part as thorough as possible, some benefits will also be separated to each respective function and cause.Coarse woody debrisThe benefits of coarse woody debris are huge. They are one the most important factors in sustaining biodiversity in the forest. Usually there is an accumulation of long-term organic matter, which is contributed by how well decayed the wood is. The size also adds to the accumulation of organic matter and that results in decayed wood that has high in carbon constituents. The soil and ability to carry moisture greatly improved by the carbon11. To ensure biodivesity, the protection of productive potential in forest soil should be maintaned. This would ensure a contiuous supply of organic materials that live off the moisture in the debris11.Fungus Root tip associationThere is a special relationship is between ectomycorrhizal activity ( a symbiotic relationship) and coarse woody debris. This kingdom Fungi is key for the healthy growth of conifer trees and needs moisture to survive during ironical periods. The moisture is provided during the state of decay of wood11. During the spend months, the moisture contents found in coarse woody debris was around 250% of the dry weight. All this moisture store was then used for dry spells throughout the year to ensure refugia and ectomycorrhizal fungi. The larger the piece, the more moisture would be stored. This does not completely replace the moisture and nutrition needs, but if there is liberal wood, it would be a significant source of moisture12.Fixation of nitrogen in forests due to coarse woody materialForests growth, specifically in boreal forests, is limited to the amount of nitrogen available in the air and usually is limited in forests. The general theory behind the limit is the slow mineralization of organic soil nitrogen. However since nitrogen is such an important part of forest growth it is crucial to ensure that there is enough nitrogen in the air for the flora13. There are 4 sources of nitrogen in the forest12Nitrogen fixing bacteria that reside in roots (also called associative nitrogen fixation)Nitrogen fixing bacteria that occur in soil and plants ( called non symbiotic nitrogen fixation)Nitrogen collected from lightning, dust, pollen, and other air pollutants.Nitrogen fixation from roots from certain species ( red alder)The most businesslike source is nitrogen fixation from species such as the red alder. Unfortunately, after many years of fire suppression, only some forests contain such species14. These forests then rely mostly on non-symbiotic sources of nitrogen, which occur from bacteria found on coarse woody debris. The debris allows bacteria to live due to the heavy moisture contained within the wood, and is an important contributor to nitrogen. There is also a relationship between fungus and nitrogen fixing algae. The algae are self-sustaining however the fungi provide a very firm home for the algae. This fungus survives during the dry sells due to the moisture found on the coarse woody debris11 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecologic role of coarse woody debris an overview of thebionomic importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/1997.2 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological impo rtance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/1997.3 Keddy, P.A. and C.G. Drummond. 1996. Ecological properties for the evaluation, management, and restoration of temperate deciduous forest ecosystems. Ecological Applications 64 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/1997.5 Curran, Janet H. hunt down Resistance of Large Woody Debris in Headwater Streams of the Washington Cascades Abstracts with Programs Geological Society of America56 Curran, Janet H. Flow Resistance of Large Woody Debris in Headwater Streams of the Washington Cascades Abstracts with Programs Geological Society of America7 Ferguson, H.L., Robinette, K., and K. Stenberg. 2001.Wildlife of Urban Habitats Urban Parks, Golf Courses, Cemeteries, and Open Space.Pp. 334-335 in Johnson, D.H. and T.A. ONeil, managing directors, Wildlife-Ha bitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press.8 8 Lofroth, Eric (1998),The dead wood cycle, in Voller, J. Harrison, S.,Conservation biology principles for forested landscapes, Vancouver, B.C. UBC Press, pp.18521489 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/1997.9 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/1997.10 Lofroth, Eric (1998),The dead wood cycle, in Voller, J. Harrison, S.,Conservation biology principles for forested landscapes, Vancouver, B.C. UBC Press, pp.1852141111 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/19971112 Ste vens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/199713 Roger T. Koide,Christopher Fernandez,Glenna Malcolm,Determining place and process functional traits of ectomycorrhizal fungi that affect both community structure and ecosystem function,New Phytologist,2014,201,21214 Stevens, Victoria. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris an overview of theEcological importance of CWD in B.C. forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work.Pap. 30/1997

Types Of Retail Formats In India

Types Of Retail Formats In IndiaIn this term paper we study about different retail formats prevailing in India and various proclaimership styles followed by these retail stores and after discussing all the aspects we find out that which ownership style is efficient for retailers and is suitable for coming retailers and also has hereafter growth.We find out licenses is best form of ownership. It converted mom-pop stores into organized form by providing privileges to the owners of the stores.TYPES OF RETAIL FORMATS IN INDIAIndia is growing at a great footfall and the retail sector is also developing with it. spoiled Indian railway line houses be entering into retail sector and be adopting various retail formats for their condescension which are best suited to them. We offer divide Indian retail market in three forms which are mentioned belowStore RetailersNon-store retailersService retailers cut in RETAIL FORMATSMom-and-pop StoreThese are family owned stores which pass o n small quantity of merchandise or goods to the customers. They are individually run and target the smaller sections of thesociety. These stores provide high standard services. They provide home delivery and credit facility without any interest to its customers.Convenience StoreConvenience is offered in a crowd of way of lifes to the customers through easily advanceible store locations and small store size that allows the customers to do quick shopping and fast checkout. The product selection offered by these retailers is very limited and the price of the products can be high.SupermarketsSupermarket is another popular retail format in India. A supermarket is a grocery store which deals in food and household goods. They offer a fairly huge range of products and self service. People usually go to the supermarkets to buy goods in super quantities so that they can stock those goods for later consumption. They provide products for reasonable prices and of medium to high quality.Depa rtment StoreDepartment stores are classified as general merchandisers. close to carry a more selective product line. For instance, while Sears carries a wide range of products from hardware to cosmetics, Nordstrom focuses their products on clothing and personal care products. family unit KillersThe speciality stores are called Category Killers. These stores are specialized in their fields and they offer only one category of products. The to the highest degree popular examples of category killers intromit wall-mart and electronic stores like Best Buy and sports accessories stores like Sports Authority. give notice StoresDiscount stores offer price reductionDiscount stores offer price reductionDiscount stores offer product at lower price than market price. The main reason behind this low price is the additional stock left everyplace towards the end of any season. Discount stores sell their goods at a reduced rate with an aim of drawing bargain shoppers.Mass DiscountersThese are g eneral and specialty store that provide huge discounts on their merchandise to finish block stock and its small difference between discount stores and mass discounters is that it provide lesser services to customers.Warehouse StoresThese are the image of mass discounters that provide comparatively less price than the traditional mass discounters. Moreover, these stores ofttimes requires the buyers to make the purchases in quantities that are greater than what can be purchased at mass discount stores. These retail outlets provide few services and product selection can be limited.The retail design and layout is as the name suggests that is warehouse style with consumers often selecting products off the ground from the shipping package. Some forms of warehouse stores called warehouse clubs require customers to purchase memberships in order to gain access to the outlet.Street vendorsThe Street Vendors or hawkers who sell products on the streets are quite popular in India. They try to a ttract the customers forethought through shouting out about their product mix. Street vendors are found in almost every city in India and the origin chapiter of Mumbai has a number of shopping scene of actions which are comprised mainly of street vendors. These hawkers not only sell just clothes and accessories but also local food.KiosksKiosks are box-like shops which sell small and cheap items like cigarettes, toffees, newspapers and magazines, water packets, tea and coffee. These are most commonly found on every street in a city and target primarily to the local residents.HypermarketsHypermarkets in India are a combination of supermarket and department store. These are large retailers that provide all kinds of groceries and general goods. Big Bazaar and Reliance Fresh are hypermarkets that attract enormous crowds.MallsMalls are the largest retail format in IndiaMalls are the largest retail format in IndiaThese are the largest retail format in India. Malls provide everything th at a person wants to buy under one roof. From clothes and accessories to food or cinemas, malls provide all of this, and more. Examples imply Spencers Plaza in Chennai, India, Alpha one in Amritsar and Viva collage in Jalandhar .NON-STORE RETAIL FORMATSCatalog RetailersRetailers such(prenominal) as Lands End and LL Bean project built their business by having customers place orders after seeing products that appear in a mailed catalog. Orders are then delivered by a third-party shipper.E-retailers maybe the most publicized retail model to evolve in the last 50 years is theRetailer that principally sells via the Internet. There are thousands of online-only retail sellers of which Amazon.com is the most famous. These retailers offer shopping convenience including being open for business all day, every day. Electronic retailers or e-tailers also remove the ability to offer a wide selection of product since all they really film in order to attract orders is a picture and description of the product. That is, they may not need to have the product on-hand the way physical stores do. Instead an e-tailer can wait until an order is received from their customers before placing their own order with their suppliers. This cuts down significantly on the cost of maintaining products in-stock.VendingVending machines is a automatic machine from where we can purchase items like coldrinks, chocolates by throughing coins in it. speckle most consumers are well awake(predicate) of vending machines allowing customers but newer devices are entering the market containing more expensive and bulkier products. These systems require the vending machine have either Internet or telecommunications access to permit purchase using credit cards.SERVICE RETAILERSService retailers are those which provide different services to customers.Such asOWNERSHIP STYLES FOLLOWED BY distinguishable CATEGORY RETAILERSIndividually Owned and OperatedThis structure refers to single ownership stores having o ne or more stores under it. Single ownership of retail outlets most a great deal occurs with small retail stores, though there are some cases, for instance in the automotive or furniture industries, where single ownership involves very large outlets.AdvantagesThere are no restrictions on who,where and what type of business a person want to open. A person can start any judicial business without any problem.DisadvantagesBecause of the ease and flexibility of getting started, there can be a lot of competition in a particular area for a certain type of customer.There is no branding, no preset guidelines and a great deal of risk in this business modelFranchisesPurchasing a franchise is buying the right to use a name, product, concept and business plan. The franchisee will receive a proven business model from an established business.Advantagesall(a) of the business operation processes have been established. The franchisee receives help from a network and customers are already known wit h name .Same marketing strategies are opted which are used by other franchises .Most all of the risk associated with starting a retail business has been reduced.DisadvantagesFranchisees ease up a fee, or royalty, establish on sales each year. Franchisee have huge amount to spend to get a franchisee and there is no flexibility and freedom allowed in this form.DealershipRetailers may find the business model of a licensed dealership as a mix of franchise and independent retailer. The licensee has the right (sometimes this is exclusive) to sell a brand of products. Unlike a franchise, the dealer can sell a variety of brands and there generally no fees to the licensor. Dealerships may or may not be identified as an genuine seller or by the companys trademark.AdvantagesThere may be some branding or product name recognition by the customer. The dealership similitude is much more flexible than that of a franchise. This may be a good business model for part-time retailers or those just st arting in retail.DisadvantagesDealer have to spend huge amount to get a dealershipCorporate ChainA retail chain consists of multiple retail outlets owned and operated by a single entity all performing similar retail activities. While the number of retail outlets required to be classified as a chain has never been specified, we will assume that anyone owning more than five retail locations would be considered a chain.EFFICIENT OWNERSHIP TYPEIf you are based in India and have sufficient money to invest in a new business, then you must surely consider a good franchise business option. There are different types of franchise business in India that are hugely successful and looking for expansion.Franchising is one of the popular models of business looked as a win-win model by both the franchisor and the franchisee. In fact, this business concept is a great way of expanding a proven business model by leveraging the resources and the enterprise of potential franchisees.In fact, buying a fra nchise business in India is a better option as compared to starting your own business from scratch. Today, there are different platforms where you can look for a franchise business. You can check out details in local newspapers or browse the Internet to look for information about companies or brands interested in expansion of their business. In fact, websites are the best ones to find information on find about best franchise business in India based on different categories. For example, if you are a person who is interested in sportsman School business then you need to first find out all the available franchisors who would be allowing you to join under them as a franchisee. fall into place them and if they find your proposal interesting, then you can become a part of their brand.Remember, it is the dream of every company to increase their brand visibility and franchising is the best way to do so. There are so many companies in India who have high faith in franchising concept and ha ve utilized this concept to put forward their brands. Apart from Indian companies, there are many International brands that have spread their business in different parts of India through franchising.The franchising industry in India has thus become an important tool for all brands to woo the customers and expand their business territories.DEFINATIONfranchise is a form of channel in which one party, the franchisor, controls the business activities of another party, the franchisee. Under these arrangements, an eligible franchisee agrees to pay for the right to use the franchisors business methods and other important business aspects, such as the franchise name. For instance, McDonalds is a well-known(a) franchisor that allows individuals to use the McDonalds name and methods to deliver food to consumers. Payment is usually in the form of a one-time, upfront franchise fee and also on-going percentage of revenue. While the cost to the franchisee may be quite high, this form of retaili ng offers several advantages to both the partiesAdvantages to franchiseeOne of the most important advantages of buying a franchise is that the enterpriser does not have to incur all the risk involved with creating a new business. Typically, the areas that enterprisers have problems with in starting a new venture are product acceptance, management expertise, meeting corking requirements, knowledge of the market, and operating and structural controls.Product Acceptance-The Franchisee usually enters into a business that has an accepted name, product or service. That credibility already exists based on the years the Franchise has existed. An entrepreneur who tries to start a shop would be unknown to the potential customers and would require significant feat and resources to build credibility and a reputation in the market.Management Expertise-Another important advantage to the Franchisee is managerial assistance provided by the franchisor. Each new franchisee is often required to t ake a cookery programme on all aspects of operating the franchise. This training could include classes in accounting, personnel management marketing and production. The training and education offered is actually an important criterion. That the entrepreneur should consider in evaluating any Franchise opportunity. If the assistance in starting up the business is not good, the entrepreneur should probably look elsewhere for opportunities unless he or she already has extensive experience in the field.Capital Requirements-Starting a new venture is usually costly in terms of both time and money. The franchise offers an opportunity to start a new venture with up front support that could make unnecessary the entrepreneur significant time and possibly capital. Some franchisors conduct location analysis and market research of the area that might include an assessment of traffic, demographics, business conditions, and competition. In some cases, the franchisor will also finance the initial investment to start the franchise operation. The initial capital required to purchase a franchise generally reflects a fee for the franchise, construction costs, and the purchase of equipment.Knowledge of the Market-Any established franchise business offers the entrepreneur years of experience in the business and knowledge of the market. This knowledge is usually reflected in a plan offered to the franchisee that details the profile of the target customer and the strategies that should be implemented once the operation has begun.Advantages to franchisorThis type of arrangement can offer an array of advantages for the franchisor.Additional Revenue-Whenever a franchisor grants a new franchise location, he enters into a franchise agreement in which the franchisee agrees to pay fees or royalties. The franchisor can use these additional sources of revenue to reduce operating expenses such as advertising and distribution costs. The revenue can also be used to increase the franchisors cash flow.Reduced Risk of Expansion-Franchises allow the franchisor to expand her business by using the capital and resources from the franchisee. Although the franchisor often assists the franchisee in finding sources of capital to get started, the franchisee is still the one responsible for obtaining the financing and is on the hook to pay back any loan or other debt obligations.Ease of theatrical role Control-A franchise agreement requires the franchisee to follow corporate guidelines when operating his business. For example, a McDonalds franchisee is required to make hamburgers a specific way and may not deviate. For the franchisor, this manner fewer concerns about the quality of the product that is sold, and he doesnt have to worry about a rogue franchisee who wants to do things his own way.Ease of Expansion-A franchisor can easily expand her business by granting new franchises to franchisees in untapped markets. She may be able to locate potential franchisees who are more famili ar with the nuances of a particular market than she is, which increases the chances for success. The franchisor will reap the benefits of additional royalties and increased brand recognition.Increased Royalties-A franchisee may be more motivated than an employee, such as a branch manager of a satellite operation. Since the franchisee has a personal financial stake in the success of the business, he may be more likely to work harder. For the franchisor, the result is more revenue through increased royalties.Due to its advantages to both franchisee and franchisor it consider efficient form of ownership.

Family Communication Plan for Parents of Deaf Children

Family parley Plan for P arnts of indifferent(p) ChildrenThere ca-ca a bun in the oven been many studies conducted concerning children who are born(p) into deaf families who can hear. These studies identify how parents manage this change in life and how they can make the lift out decisions that can confirmatively impact their children and family. However, a limited come in of studies collect actually been conducted for children who are born into deaf families who can hear. Moore Lane (2010) body politic that 90% of deaf parents ask hearing children, unfortunately these children have the same amount of attention compared to those who are deaf in hearing families.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to build up a plan for children born into deaf families that can best encourage them and their parents, identify other studies and articles that have researched this, and to identify secernate gaps that are missing from the research. This study will explore family dialogue with emphasis on expressiveness, family gratification, and motivation. It will also identify how these concepts relate to the roles of interpreting and protecting.ResearchThe research was conducted using the Cornett Library database online, which includes the CINHAL and MEDLINE databases, along with others. We limited our search to erudite journals only and searched at heart a five yr window so all data would be up to date and accu pass judgment. I searched for deaf adults children with deaf parents, and nursing and deafness. I chose the selected articles based on familiarity of ideas, and consistency of information, along with the minor disagreements that separately article had.ThemesCommunication There are many polar theories that try to explain and solve the issue of communion of children and their deaf parents. Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2012) established a communication model by using relational observations. These analyzations created a guess that addressed the level of conversational orientation. Families with a high degree of conversational orientation tended to be able to freely communicate about any topic. This shape of communication led to high satisfaction within all family members. This theory states that every family is unique, so it is up to each separate family member to contribute to how they best like to communicate so their satisfaction is higher within the family, or environment. Olson (2011) used created the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems and established a model that stated that communication, cohesion, flexibility, and family relationships are key to creating a healthy family balance.Expressiveness With both theories, it is important for family members to express themselves with their own opinions and ideas to continue positive communication. Schrodt (2015) conducted a survey that questioned young adult children about their family communication. Schrodt (2015) states that the perceptions of family expressiveness hav e a sizable, direct association with perceptions of family cohesiveness and flexibility. Schrodt also voiced the when family members communicate effectively, it lowers stress within the family structure, and it also helps to lower the stress levels of members outside the family unit as well (Schrodt 2015). Cohesiveness is formed when family members commit to the idea that they are going to converse with each other about both the negative and the positive things that are happening to them as well as the other people within the family. It is also important that the flexibility within the family happens. This can only breathe when each family member views how to properly deal with the information that is being discussed.Family Satisfaction The satisfaction family members have towards one another directly relates to the type of communication they have with each other. Burns Person (2011) conducted an online survey where two family members answered questions related to three categori es relationship talk, joking around, or summarizing their day. The study concluded that the three categories were predictors of the familys satisfaction towards one another. A sense of unity was formed when family member discussed one of these three topics, and this led to a higher family satisfaction. Caughlin (2013) states that a familys satisfaction rate can be measured only by the family members standards they have set for themselves and their family as a unit. This emphasizes that all families are different and although satisfaction can be generalized through the previously mentioned studies, these situations should be recorded and investigated more thoroughly, as every family communicates differently.Motives Children communicate with their parents for many different reasons. Barbato, Graham Perse (2013) identified two key variables when children communicate with their parents inclusion and control. Children will learn how to properly communicate with their parents because the main thing they truly unavoidableness is to be included in their familys conversations. Children should learn how to communicate with their parents so they can explain their ideas, ask questions and savor a sense of belonging. Also, children communicate to gain certainty with what is going on around them to feel more in control of their environment. Barbato, Graham Perse (2013) concluded that children are influenced by how their parents communicated. In the study, many children embraced the same communication habits as their parents.Limitations and GapsAll research studies have limitation that need to be considered. In the Burns and Pearson (2013) article they state that future research should begin looking at families individually as units and therefore making comparisons with other family units to have a more accurate interpretation of families and not individuals. Complimenting these results with observations may also provide more validation. Also in the Schrodt (2015) artic le, they state that the sample size that they used was too limited both in ethnic diversity and in number. This could have been easily corrected by expanding the number of individuals that participated and the different ethnic family that were included as well. Finally, Barbato, Graham, Perse (2013) states in their article that certain fundamental gap was noted after their study was performed with the age group of 12-16 year old females. There were only five female girls aging from 12-16 geezerhood old, compared to 20 children from every other age group tested, making this the weakest point in their study.MethodMethod Choice In order to conduct my own inductive study, I would use a qualitative method throughout because I would be concerned about the effect family communication is impacted as a whole, not just only how the parents deafness impacts the family. Also, I would look for a similarity between the parents deafness and the family communication. I would study this by analyzi ng real participants it affects and in the actual environment with the communication occurs.To guarantee credibility, I would use three methods to form my data. The three methods I would use would be personal interview, emphasis groups, and ethnographic research. The ethnographic research would enable authentic reactions within a real life environment and provide a unique opportunity to view this interaction between a child and parent. Personal interviews could help better understand a persons motives and feelings, and focus groups could help new ideas form.Sample Selection For selecting a sample, I would use the Texas Association for the Deaf and receive a list of families that are living with hearing children and deaf parents. I would contact these families and explain my study and ask if they wanted to be a part of it. I would then choose a nonrandom sample of the participants that meet three criteria. First, they must be between 10 and 18 years old in order to answer all questi ons asked in the study. Secondly, they must live within a 20 mile radius of the Dallas Fort charge area so I can properly and personally contact them all. Finally, both parents of the children chosen must be deaf. The minimum amount of families I would want to observe would be five. Overall, I would like to interview between 20 and 30 childrenProcedure In the ethnographic research, I would only be an observer. I would witness applicants both in a public setting and at their personal home, knowing that the participants might act differently because of my presence. For personal interviews, I would have a pre-determined list of questions and would give opportunity to ask new questions depending on the direction of the interview. The interview is estimated to last between 45 minutes to an hour, depending on the effect of the participant. One question that I would ask would be, Do you use regularly use voicing or sign language when you communicate with your parents? In the focus group, I would use a facilitator who could both speak and use sign language. I would also take record the answers the participants stated and any other comments that could be useful concerning their communication within their family. After the data is collected, I would draw conclusions from it once it is interpreted and analyzed.Discussion and ConclusionThe goal of this literature review was to establish a plan for children born into deaf families that can best help them and their parents, identify other studies and articles that have researched this, and to identify key gaps that are missing from the purposed research. Its feeling was also to discuss family communication with emphasis on expressiveness, family satisfaction, and motivation. Overall, children with deaf parents can and do communicate with them every day. The goal, however, is to support and help them and their parents better communicate with each other in order to create a healthy and happy family dynamic. This will help within the nursing community by improving communication with deaf patients and will greatly help in healthcare service areas throughout the world. Though this is seen differently with each family because every family is unique, the goal is the same, and with more draw and improvement in this field, we can make a difference and see lives changed.ReferencesBarbato, C., Graham, E., Perse, E. (2013). Communicating with the family An examination of the relationship of the family communication environment and interpersonal communication motives. The journal of Family Communication, 3(3), 123-148.Burns, M., Pearson, J. (2011). An investigation of communication atmosphere, everyday dialogue, and family satisfaction. Communication Studies, 62(2), 171-185. doi 10.1080/10510974.2010.523507Caughlin, J. (2013). Family communication standards what defining excellent family communication and how standards associated with family satisfaction? Human Communication Research, 29(1), 5-40.Koerner, A. , Fitzpatrick, M. (2012). Toward a theory of family communication. Communication Theory, 12(1), 70-91.Moore, M., Lane, H. (2013). For hearing people only. Rochester Deaf Life Press.Olson, D. H. (2010). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of family therapy, 22(2), 144-167.Schrodt, P. (2015). Family strength and satisfaction as functions of family communication environments. Communication Quarterly, 57(2), 171-186. doi 10.1080/01463370902881650

Powerful Images in The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- Grapes Wrath essays

The Grapes of Wrath is an important com workforcetary on society and humanity, and is intended to evoke intense feelings from readers. can buoy Steinbeck, the author, attempts to create many true emotions about the book and the reality that it was based on. Steinbeck uses images that are very effective and have a large impact on how the characters are perceived. Some of the images show the dismal abyss that the Joad family survived in, and others show hope, endurance, and strength. Some of the or so effective images are those of sadness, failure, and devastation, which cause the connection between the unforgiving and pain land and the anguish and persecution which the resolute Joads must face constantly throughout their lives and the many obstacles they must face over time. The beginning of the book is full of misuse to the earth, and how the connection between man and earth causes the characters to reflect the images of the world around them. The men have become part of the land, which they gain their livelihood from, and it is important that the men are strong and sure, even though Mother Nature is fickle and is devastating them. The dust storm had not even become to slow, and the farmers were unsure and waiting, the sunup came, but no day (2). The men were afraid, even though they could never say that they were, yet their strength was as sure as the storm which border them. In the morning the dust hung like fog and the sun was as red as ripe new blood (3), the strength of the characters is understood as they come out of their houses and quietly survey the damage of the storm. No words are needed, and survival is the prevailing goal, the strength of the men, and of their women, ... ...en she gives the sick man milk from her converge she redeems herself and the other characters. She looked up and across the barn, and her lips came together and smiled mysteriously. The images of the earth, and how devastated it was, affect ed the characters significantly the Joad family proved, throughout the novel, that they were a passionate and intense family. They were willing to go against the precedents and expectations that were set before them in order to achieve their dreams and to fill their hearts with kindness and set an amazing example for humanity. The characters show that strength comes from inside, and that faith and patience are some of the most important components of survival. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. Web. 25 September 2014.

The Hole In The Net :: essays research papers

Our social safety net has a hole in it. The fibers of the net aredecaying the hole is getting bigger. More mickle are falling through,and the people with the least strength are holding the most of theweight. Three to four million Americans are homeless according to theU.S. surgical incision of Housing and Urban Development, 5.5% can non find jobsaccording to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, and the figure is overtwice that in the 20-24 year old age group, according to the divisionof Education. A very slim minority of these people are sucking off thesystem, but the vast majority just had a bad break. such is the story of Peter and Megan, as told by author Jonathan Kozolin his Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Book Award winner Rachel and HerChildren Homeless Families in America. Peter was a work and shewas a homemaker who raised their five children. They lived in a neat,working class apartment building in New York City. Peter didconstruction for creation housing projects, and had a vast array oftechnical skills and tools I did carpentry. I painted. I could dowallpapering. I earned a maintenance. We spent Sundays walking with ourchildren on the beach. It may sound like this was a happy family,living the American Dream. Perhaps they were -- they were selfsufficient for all of the 12 years that they had been married, they hada firm income, a close and loving family, a home, and a chance fortheir children to do even better than they had done. Then the firestruck. They came racing home after auditory modality the news, only to find thateverything had been destroyed. The children lost their pet dog and cat,Megan lost her grandmothers china, but Peter perhaps lost the most histools. Since the fire, he has not had a job, because a carpenter withouttools might as well not have eyes. He explained that for every job hehad, he would add a new tool to his collection. But they all went up inthe blaze. When Kozol first met them, they were living in a welfarehotel in New Y ork, where they had been living for twain years. They cantget out because federal assistance programs (better known as welfare)tell them that their family limit for an apartment is $366 a month --this with seven family members living in New York City. (In comparison,thats about the rock bottom price for a week in a New York City one means motel.) In their two room apartment, the entire place is falling